John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau free essay sample

Another idea was that taxes should not be raised on the property of the people without their consent. Locke states that the legislative cannot transfer or move the power of law making to anybody else or anywhere. A major aspect of John Locke’s ideas is that if the legislator tries to take or destroy the property of the people or â€Å"reduce them into slavery under arbitrary power,† the people have a right to dissolve that government; later, they have the right to establish a new legislative that will provide the security and protection of the peoples rights. After Locke is charged that his ideas will create â€Å"frequent rebellion. † Locke then states that slight â€Å"mismanagement in the ruling part† and human mistakes are mostly borne by the people without any problems; he states, that its when there are a â€Å"long train of abuses† and mismanagement that the people have a right to rise up and replace the government that will provide for their rights. We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau was totally against absolute monarch, and that true freedom consists of the general will’s laws. Rousseau states that â€Å"tranquility is found also in dungeons† and that even â€Å"the Greeks imprisoned in the cave of the Cyclops lived there very tranquilly, while they were awaiting their turn to be devoured. † Rousseau doesn’t believe in the Locke principal that each citizen possesses their own individual rights independently from the state and against the state. He believes that the best way to rule is to have people put all their power that’s common under the direction of the general will or people with the same beliefs. Also, Rousseau states that each member they receive is â€Å"an indivisible part of the whole. † Another belief that Rousseau has is that anyone who refuses to obey the laws that were set forth by the general will â€Å"shall be compelled to do so by the whole body. † Rousseau deems that â€Å"true freedom consists of obedience to laws that coincide with the general will. † The general will tends to work to the public’s advantage and that the general will is always right. He believed that people is never corrupted, but it is often deceived. † However, once groups of people form, â€Å"fractions,† there is no longer as many votes as there are people but only the number of votes per associations; â€Å"in this case there is no longer a general will. † Rousseau thinks that there should be no â€Å"fractions† but that every man should think for himself and that if fractions do form to make sure there’s many to prevent one from becoming too powerful.

How to Solve Chemistry Word Problems

How to Solve Chemistry Word Problems Many problems in chemistry and other sciences are presented as word problems. Word problems are as easy to solve as numerical problems once you understand how to approach them. How to Solve Chemistry Word Problems Before you break out your calculator, read the problem all the way through. Make sure you understand what the question is asking.Write down all of the information you have been given. Keep in mind, you may be given more facts than you need to use in order to perform the calculation.Write down the equation or equations you need to use in order to solve the problem.Before you plug the numbers into the equations, check the units required for the equations. You may need to perform unit conversions before you can apply the equations.Once you are certain your units are in agreement, plug the numbers into the equation and get your answer.Ask yourself whether the answer seems reasonable. For example, if you are calculating the mass of a beaker and you end up with an answer in kilograms, you can be pretty certain you made an error in a conversion or calculation.

Global Consultants Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Consultants Business Plan - Essay Example Businesses must also not disregard cultural concerns. They should set up specialists to ensure that their business' giveaways or advertisements do not go against any cultural norms. Businesses should also be adaptable regarding the advertising arrangement. For instance, Italy and Hong Kong set restrictions on cash prizes, while current policies in Canada have challenged the ability to organize a skill competition with a prerequisite purchase. There are usually simple workarounds like offering an alternative means of entry or prize. Businesses should also be ready to run the campaign structure differently. Some countries might require different methods of promotion administration and advertising. For instance, drawings may need to be locally held and witnessed by certain officials, and winners informed by certain means. Some provinces might require that the rules and promotion be in the language or dialect of the locality, while others might require newspaper publication. Also, in so me countries, some campaigns may need to be registered. Privacy law also differs from one country to another. Thus, the utilization, transmitting, accumulation, or gathering of exclusive data needs particular deliberation. Also, businesses should not believe that since a country in a specific territory allows a certain system that it will be permitted in all areas in that territory. Country-specific understanding of rules will spell a big difference. Lastly, businesses should budget funds and time to get it correctly accomplished. Synchronizing the legal issues in several regions is definitely more costly and time consuming than doing business in the U.S. alone. Be prepared to add around half a month to the time frame if the business intends on going global. Summary of the Business Plan The Philippine situation is presently characterized by the facts that investment appetites are low, budgets are being slashed, businesses are cutting costs, and times are tough. Being aware of this situation, Global Consultants (GC) has concluded that its potential clients would be interested in doing things in a smarter way, with adequate support of competent and dependable market intelligence. Global Consultants knows that it can offer both value creations and solutions to its potential clients. The senior consultants have been working with some highly regarded U.S.-based multi-national businesses for many years, andhave wide knowledge of Southeast Asian business environments. The company will aim to provide marketing services to targeted business environments in the Southeast Asia region, particularly the Philippines. The target start of operations is January 2009. Mission GC will offer businesses an excellent, dependable option to in-house resources for channel development, industrial sectors analysis, market intelligence, market development, and business development on a global range. A proper alternative to in house resources offers an exceptionally sophisticated practical experience, skill, connections, and privacy. Clients must be aware that working with the company is a less risky and more professional method of developing new areas compared to working in-house with their own employees. GC should be also able to maintain financial stability, charging a high value for its services and delivering an even higher worth of output to its clients. Primary focus will be expansion in the Southeast

Info technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Info technology - Essay Example This article mainly focuses on the approach to be implemented to improve the Supply Chain Management in order to effectively cut down on excess costs. The author discusses how different companies implement the present Supply Chain Management principle and expect different and better results whereas this is not possible. The author states in this article that to gain better profit margins and to gain a better hold over the market, each company has to come up with its own Supply Chain Management principle which suits that company. Despite the changes such as Globalization, Real-Time Supply Chain Process, Lean Management for Waste Reduction, Accounting Rules and Transparency of sales and acceptance, companies present since ninety years back function the same way as they did then. The author suggests the old business principles to be dropped and new improvised ones be implemented. The approach should be more of a strategy than being jut a principle. The first step is to design the a new architecture for the Supply Chain Management. The second step is to define the process, people and technology. The third step is to use resources effectively. The fourth and the final step is to include the scope, breadth and complexity of supply chains. Discussion: Supply Chain Management involves co-ordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information and finances from supplier to manufacturer to retailer to consumer both within and among companies (Ayers, 2000). The product flow involves the flow or movement of raw materials from the supplier to the manufacturer and the movement of products from the manufacturer to the wholesaler to retailer to the consumer. The information flow involves the flow of information such as transmitting orders and updating the status of delivery. Flow of finances includes transfer of credit, payment schedules, etc. Supply Chain Management makes use of

Bristol University SWOT and PEST Analysis Essay

Bristol University SWOT and PEST Analysis - Essay Example Another strength is the financial stability and management. According to the annual records of the Bristol University in 2014, the university’s the Bristol’s financial statement shows cash flow generation of 10.1% in 2013/2014. This is a strong evidence on the university’s strong financial stability. The strong financial stability and management enhances Bristol University’s ability to invest in the innovation while also supporting the other areas of the growth (Shattock, 2015).   Additionally, the university’s simplicity in terms of scoring and structure makes it easy in charting the scores of the individual over time. This is specifically important in case studies. Other strengths include; cultural and linguistic diversity of the students/city/staff and the increasing international, responsive to change, increasing amount and the quality of the applied research, and home student recruitment and demand (Dyson, 2000).WeaknessesThe tightly constrai ned city center site where the Bristol University is located makes it hard for it to meet the current requirements for the space efficiency. This makes it hard for the new buildings to fit in. Another weakness is the university’s poor adaptability of the processes to changes and demand, and the unnecessary bureaucracy (Clark, 2014). This makes it hard in securing the lean processes in the organisation. Other weaknesses include; few endorsements, strains of expansion, and lack of the external clout.The increased international recruitment to Bristol University.

Criticism And Drawbacks Of The Kuznets Curve Economics Essay

Criticism And Drawbacks Of The Kuznets Curve Economics Essay Environmental Kuznets Curve The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is a pragmatically, relationship that is assumed to trace the pollution path followed by countries as their per capita gross domestic product (GDP) grows and describes the relationship between per capita income and of environmental degradation indicators (Unruth and Moomaw, 1998). In the infant stages of development, the levels of some pollutants climb with increases in per capita income, while at advanced levels of development, environmental degradation follows a downward trend as income per capita is moving upwards. These results give rise to a bell shaped curve relating economic growth to environmental degradation, redolent of the relationship hypothesized by Kuznets (1995) between economic and income inequality (Nahman and Antrobus, 2005). The concept of EKC came out in the early 1990s with Grossman and Kruegers (1991) path-breaking study of the potential impacts of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). Origins of the EKC The environmental Kuznets curve is a hypothesized relationship between different indicators of environmental degradation and income per capita. At first stages of economic growth degradation and pollution increase, but further than some level of income per capita, the movement reverses, so that at high-income levels economic growth leads to environmental improvement. This means that the impact of environmental indicator is an inverted U-shaped function of income per capita (Stern, 2003) In other words, the distribution of income becomes more asymmetrical in early stage of income growth and then the distribution moves towards greater equality as economic growth continues (Kuznets, 1955). This liaison between income per capita and income inequality can be represented by a bell-shaped curve. This is viewed as an empirical phenomenon known as the Kuznets Curve (Dinda, 2004). Criticism and drawbacks of the Kuznets Curve The Kuznets Curve has helped in studying the relationship between environmental pollutants and GDP of countries but it does have drawbacks too. Even Kuznets (1955) himself indicated that the Kuznets Curve Theory is not a perfect one and the relationship between income inequality and economic development cannot be assumed. He also declared that lot information in the paper has been speculated and thus further research work must be carried out. The reason behind the development of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Since the last decades, the increasing threat of global warming and climate change has been of major continuing concern. Organisations such as the United Nations have been trying to diminish the unfavorable impacts of global warming through intergovernmental and binding accords. After immense negotiations, the agreement namely the Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997. This protocol has the objective of reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) that cause climate change. The Kyoto protocol recognises limitations to environmental pollutants and necessitates a timetable for realisation of the emission reductions for the developed countries. During 2008 2012 periods the demands reduction of the GHG emissions to 5.2 % lower than the 1990 level. In 2005 it came into force: 178 states have signed and approved the protocol since April 2008 (Halicoglu, 2008). Greenhouse gas emissions particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are considered to be the core causes of global warming. Consequently, to prev ent global warming a number of countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol and agreed to diminish their emission levels. Galeotti and Lanza (1999) indicated that some developing states refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol based on the argument that the industrialisation and development process should be subject to no constraints, particularly for energy production and consumption. One probable foundation for this position is the belief that while pollution increases with growth in GDP, it happens a point where pollution goes down. This view calls for a careful analysis of the relationship between economic growth and pollution. This relationship is obviously very complex as it depends on numerous different factors such as: The countrys size, The sectoral structure, including the composition of the demand for energy, The vintage of the technology, The demand for environmental quality, The level and quality of environmental protection expenditures. Shafik (1994) reports that the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has been a source of great disagreement for a lengthy period of time. On one side it has been observed that greater economic activity unavoidably leads to environmental degradation and finally to possible economic and ecological collapse. At the other side is the view that those environmental nuisances worth solving will be tackled more or less automatically as a consequence of economic growth. Previous to 1970, there was a conviction that the raw materials consumptions, energy and natural resources were growing at the same pace as economy grows. In the early 1970s, the Club of Romes Limits of Growth view (Meadows et al., 1972) was brazen about the concern for the accessibility of natural resource of the Earth. They argued that the finiteness of ecological resources would prevent economic growth and advocated for a solid state economy with zero growth to avoid striking ecological circumstances in the future. This view has been criticised on both hypothetical and empirical grounds. Experimental works shows that the ratio of consumption of some metals to income was falling in developed countries during the 1970s, which brings divergence with the predictions set out in the Limits to Growth view (Maleness, 1978). Natural environment not only provide natural resources important for economic development but also execute the vital function of supporting life, if man persist to exp loit environment recklessly, then it would not be able to sustain life any longer. Environmental Kuznets Curve definition and graphical illustration The EKC follows the name of Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets who had remarkably hypothesized an inverted U income-inequality relationship (Kuznets, 1955). In the 1990s economists detected this relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. Since then this relationship is known as Environmental Kuznets Curve. According to the EKC theory as a country develops, the pollution increases, but after reaching a specific level of economic progress pollution begin to decrease. The EKC hypothesis suggests that environmental degradation is something unavoidable at the first stage of economic growth, so a developing country is forced to tolerate this degradation in order to develop. In a graphical representation the x-axis symbolize the economic growth which is measured by GDP per capita and the y-axis represents the environmental degradation which is measured by many different pollution indicators such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, deforestation etc. The shapes of the Environmental Kuznets Curves. The relation between income and environmental pressure can be sketched in a several ways; firstly one can distinguish monotonic and non-monotonic curves. Monotonic curves may show either mounting pollution with rising incomes, as in the case of municipal waste per capita or decreasing. But, non-monotonic patterns may be more probable in other cases and two types have been recommended, namely inverted-U and N-shaped curves. The pattern discovered in experiential research depend on the types of pollutants scrutinised and the models that have been used for inference. Four speculative opinions are presented in favour of an inverted-U curve for (local) air pollutants, which can be listed as: Positive income elasticitys for environmental quality, Structural changes in production and consumption, Rising information on environmental consequences of economic activities as income rises and More international trade and more open political systems with increasing levels of income (Selden and Song 1994). Others, for example Pezzey (1989) and Opschoor (1990), have argued that such inverted-U relationships may not hold in the long run. They anticipated a so-called N-shaped curve which demonstrates the same pattern as the inverted-U curve initially, but beyond a certain income level the relationship between environmental pressure and income is positive again. Delinking is thus considered a temporary phenomenon. Opschoor (1990), for example, argues that once technological efficiency enhancements in resource use or abatement opportunities have been exhausted or have become too expensive, further income growth will result in net environmental degradation. Despite these considerations empirical evidence so far has been largely in favour of the inverted-U instead of the N shaped relationship (de Bruyn et al., 1998). The shortcomings of EKC analysis A number of critical studies of the EKC literature have been published (e.g. Coodoon, 2003; Ekins, 2000; Fare et al.,2001; Perman, 2003; Stern et al., 1996; Stern, 2004). Theoretical critique This section discusses the criticisms that were raised against the EKC on theoretical (rather than methodological) grounds. One of the main criticisms of the EKC models is the assumption that environment and growth are not interrelated. In simple words the EKC hypothesis assumes no feedback between income and the pollution of environment. Fare et al., (2001) refer that due to the non-availability of actual data on environmental quality is the major restriction of all EKC studies. Environmental quality is something that is not measured accurately. Therefore, a guide of environmental quality, which could be a better measurement, should be developed and used to examine the EKC hypothesis. According to Ekins (2000), consideration in assessing the strength of the estimation is the reliability of the data used. However, there is little sign that the data problems are serious enough to shed doubt on the basic environment-income link for any particular environmental indicator, but the results in fact imply that this might be the case. Stern (2004) draws his attention to the mean median problem. He underlines that early EKC studies showed that a number of indicators: 2 SO emissions, x NO, and deforestation, peak at income levels around the current world mean per capita income. A hasty glimpse at the available econometric estimates might have lead one to believe that, given likely future levels of mean income per capita, environmental degradation should turn down from the present onward. Income is not yet, normally distributed but very skewed, with much larger numbers of people below mean income per capita than above it. Hence, this shows a median rather than mean income that is the relevant variable. Another problem related with the EKC studies is the little attention that has been paid to the statistical components of time series analysis. Very few studies in the past investigated the presence of unit root in time series of variables used to investigate the validity of the EKC. 2) Econometric critique Stern (2004) in a survey argues that the econometric criticisms of the EKC fall into four main categories: heteroscedasticity, simultaneity, omitted variables bias, and cointegration issues. Perman and Stern (2003) investigate the data and models for unit roots and cointegration respectively. Panel unit root tests designate that all three series log sulfur emissions per capita, log GDP capita, and its square have stochastic trends. Results for cointegration are less definite. About half the individual country EKC regressions cointegrate but many of these have limitations with incorrect signs. Some panel cointegration tests point out cointegration in all countries and some accept the non-cointegration hypothesis. However, even when cointegration is found, the form of the EKC relationship varies radically across countries with many countries having U-shaped EKCs. In case theres a common cointegrating vector in all countries it will be strongly rejected. Coondoo and Dinda (2002) carried out an analysis for Granger Causality between CO2 emissions and income in various individual countries and regions. In general model that emerges is that causality runs from income to emissions or that there is no significant relationship in developing countries, while in developed countries causality runs from emissions to income. Still, in every case the relationship is positive so that there is no EKC type effect. Data and Time Series Properties To study the relationship between the GDP of Mauritius and the C02 emission in Mauritius the annual data that are being used are; total C02 emission from 1976 to 2008, the real GDP from 1976 to 2008, the population of Mauritius from 1976 to 2008, inflation rate of Mauritius and the unemployment rate of Mauritius. Source: Energy Data Book(2010) Figure 1: Per Capital CO2 Emission Estimate for Mauritius From these sets of data it can be clearly seen that while population was increasing (Figure 2), during these years the real GDP (Figure 3) has been fluctuating a bit. In mid 1970s after the independence there has been a lot of development and transformation in our country. Our economy was diversified and more jobs were created. Furthermore we received more foreign aid. By the late 1970s our economy deteriorated a bit mainly due to the increase in petroleum price in the world market and this lead to less government subsidies and devaluation of our Mauritian Rupees. Then by late 1980s the economy experience steady growth and also a high level of employment, declining inflation and more domestic savings. This period was also marked by the boom in the sugar industry. Though the development slowed down in the 1990s there was a gradual development of the local financial institutions and at the same time our domestic information telecommunication industry boomed. By the start of the 21st ce ntury there our financial services sector became a very important pillar of the economy with an increasing number of offshore enterprises. Finally our economy developed a lot due to the seafood processing and export during the last 10 years. Figure 2: Population Estimates for Mauritius Figure 3: GDP for Mauritius (without inflation) In the short term real GDP is affected by inflation (Figure 4) because the latter causes a rise in general price of goods and services and consequently this causes a change in investments, savings, consumption and import and export of a country and thus the GDP of a country is affected too. [The equation used to calculate real GDP is; GDP = private consumption+ gross investment + government spending + (exports imports)] Source: Federal Bank of Cleveland (2010) Figure 4: Inflation in Mauritius GDP is also depended on unemployment rate (Figure 5) because according to this equation GDP =  compensation of employees  +  gross operating surplus  +  gross mixed income  + taxes less subsidies on production and imports. Thus if unemployment rate increases in a country, the GDP will decrease. Source: Index mundi (2010) Figure 5: Unemployment Rate in Mauritius While trying to prove the relationship between GDP of Mauritius and the C02 emission of Mauritius, we can also observe how the GDP also affects the C02 emission in each specific sector of Mauritius. Graph 6 shows how the Energy sector and the Transport sector are the main contributors to C02 emission from 2000 to 2006. Source: CSO Mauritius(2010) Figure 6: C02 emission per sector

THE BLACK DEATH Essay -- essays research papers

The Bubonic Plague, more commonly referred to as the "Black Death," ravaged Europe between the years 1347 and 1350. During this short period, 25 million people, one third of Europe's population at the time, were killed. Thousands of people died each week and dead bodies littered the streets. Once a family member had contracted the disease, the entire household was doomed to die. Parents abandoned their children, and parent-less children roamed the streets in search for food. Victims, delirious with pain, often lost their sanity. Life was in total chaos. The Plague was a disaster without a parallel, causing dramatic changes in medieval Europe. Coming out of the East, the Black Death reached the shores of Italy in the spring of 1348 unleashing a rampage of death across Europe unprecedented in recorded history. By the time the epidemic played itself out three years later, anywhere between 25% and 50% of Europe's population had fallen victim to the pestilence. Primarily fleas and rats transmitted the Black Death. The stomachs of the fleas were infected with bacteria known as Y. Pestis. The bacteria would block the "throat" of an infected flea so that no blood could reach its stomach, and it grew ravenous since it was starving to death. It would attempt to suck up blood from its victim, only to disgorge it back into its prey's bloodstreams. The blood it injected back, however, was now mixed with Y. Pestis. Infected fleas infected rats in this fashion, and t...

Biggie Smalls Is the Illest

Authenticity defines what is ‘real’ and what is not. Having ones own genuine, homegrown swagger and to then continue to maintain that strut as ones career (or life in general) carries on. The most prominent aspect to being authentic is having the courage to design entirely new, different and altered concepts and bring them into the mainstream, or at the very least attempt to do so. Turn the page to 19990’s hip-hop. The Rock N’ Roll era was over and it was time for a new genre to takeover. The 90’s contained so much diversity in it’s sound to the point where it started a phenomenon; the rap game.Within this frenzy of shootings, gang pride, and territorial disputes came one of the greatest hip hop artists to ever live. His sound had a Jamaican ring to it, thanks to his mother who was a Jamaican native. His deep ‘uh-n’s in his tracks were so organic that it was good enough to get his name out throughout Jamaica Queens, NY and then ev entually to the desk of P. Diddy. Diddy is often recognized as the ‘founding father’ of the Notorious B. I. G. When the 90’s reached their midpoint, Biggie Smalls and Diddy had created an empire which they called Bad Boy records.As both their business senses grew keener, so did the killer instinct of the west coast rap artists. Unfortunately, so much hype was surfaced in the media pertaining to the differences between East Coast style and West Coast style, so much that the murder rates were skyrocketing in major cities†¦and nobody saw an end in sight. The media brought the two most prominent figures into question; Christopher Wallace and Tupac Shakur. Now, there is a theory of a ‘beef’ between these two rappers that happened one night but it will take much too long to explain.In the end, Christopher Wallace was shot while visiting California, doing a tour on the West Coast. From there it’s all history. Christopher â€Å"Biggie Smallsâ₠¬  Wallace left his ginormous Timberland boot-print on hip hop forever. His audacity lead him to create a whole new sound in hip hop, a sound that made people bump and dance to in the NY clubs. No body wanted to listen to Ice Cube or Dr. Dre bellow about crack rocks and cutting people. Sure, Biggie has drug and weapon references, but that’s hip hop.That is how it has always been, and Biggie changed the face of rap by his unique talents and finding his own authentic sound. Brooklyn stand up. â€Å"To protect my position, my corner, my layer While we out here, say the hustlas prayer If the game shakes me or breaks me I hope it makes me a better man Take a better stand Put money in my moms hand Get my daughter this college plan, so she don't need no man Stay far from timid Only make moves when ya heart's-in-it And live the phrase Sky's The Limit† The Notorious B. I. G. â€Å"Sky’s The Limit† featuring 112 Life After Death (Disc 2) (1997)

The Desegregation of Public Schools

A landmark court case that occurred in the early 1950†³s resulted in the desegregation of public schools. This historic Supreme Court case was known as Brown vs. Board of Education. The place was Topeka, Kansas, 1951. A little girl named Linda Brown and her father, Oliver Brown, attempted to enroll Linda in a neighborhood elementary school that accepted whites only. The request was denied, by the White elementary school. The little girl only lived a few blocks from the White elementary school, which would have been a good fit for her. Instead, she ended up traveling about a mile each day to attend the nearest Black school. Mr. Brown decided to request the help of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP was glad to help in the fight. Mr. Brown and the NAACP moved forward and challenged the segregation law. In 1892, the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision had set a precedent for the issue of â€Å"separate but equal,† which had been applied to school in the Southern states since then. Parents in other states were also pursuing the challenge to the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine in South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Mr. Brown†s case was heard by the U. S. District Court for the District of Kansas. The request by Mr. Brown was to prohibit segregation of the public schools in Topeka. The NAACP argued to the court that separating Black children from White children was sending a wrong type of message to the Black children. The message being sent was that Black children were somehow inferior to Whites and that there was no way that the education being provided could be equal. On the other hand, the Board of Education argued that segregation was a fact of life in the states where these children attended school, and that segregated schools helped prepare the children for the reality of what their adult lives would be like (Robinson 2005). The Board of education went on to cite different successful educated American, none of whom attended integrated schools, such as Frederick Douglass, George Washington Carver, and Booker T. Washington. In handing down their decision, the judges in this case wrote that â€Å"colored children†¦ † suffered a â€Å"detrimental effect† from segregation of the schools (Robinson 2005). However, they believed that the legal precedent set by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case prevented them from issuing the requested injunction and the result was that they ruled in favor of the Topeka Board of Education. Mr. Brown and the NAACP appealed the case and it went to the United States Supreme Court in the latter part of 1951. The case was combined with the Delaware, Virginia, and South Carolina cases. The Supreme Court handled this case very delicately and deliberated for quite sometime. The case was first heard by the Supreme Court, but a decision was not made at that time. Various interpretations of the Fourteenth Amendment were discussed and whether the Plessy vs. Ferguson case had violated it. The case was heard again by the Supreme Court in December of 1953. Thurgood Marshall, who was the first African American Supreme Court Justice, gladly argued for Brown and the NAACP. Finally, a decision was made. On May 17, 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court issued the following decision: â€Å"†¦ Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal education opportunities? We believe that it does†¦ We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† has no place†¦ (Brown vs. Board 1954). The Supreme Court tasked the nation with implementing this historic decision with deliberate speed. Recognizing the value of education, the court ruled unanimously in favor of equity. The Supreme Court declared that education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. It prepares our children for later professional training and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. The court also declared that it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. But the vagueness of the phrase combined with continued bigotry slowed the process, in some cases to a standstill. With the segregation of public schools declared unconstitutional, segregationists across the South sprang into action to prevent the implementation of public school integration. Some states began to pass state laws to uphold segregation, which then had to be challenged in court by the federal government, one by one, delaying black children from attending White schools. Councils began to be developed, by segregationists, to fight against desegregation. One of the most dramatic occurred in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, when White mobs screamed threats at nine Black high school students and blocked them, as they tried to go into their new school for the first time. The Black students were unsuccessful, unfortunately. The president at the time was President Eisenhower, of whom ended up calling in the National Guard to protect them so they could enter the school. President Eisenhower had to call in the National Guard to escort black children to an Arkansas school that refused to integrate. Other communities used different tactics to resist. In Virginia, schools closed rather than desegregate. Elsewhere, some white families migrated to suburbs. Some black parents kept their children in the same black schools to avoid conflict. Families who chose white schools under freedom of choice plans, allowing black children attend any school in a district, received threats. In at least one instance, a cross was burned outside the home of a family. Across the nation, the 1954 Supreme Court decision brought forth dreams of heightened hope and yet resistance, as well. According to Benjamin Mays, the backbone of segregation had been broken. Martin Luther King expressed that the decision was a joyous day-break after a long desolate midnight (Moss 2004, 63). In conclusion, school desegregation was not an issue that was resolved overnight; rather, it was the persistence of those against segregation and the realization of the unequality that it was enduring upon our children that pushed the historic decision that will never be forgotten. Fifty years after the decision was made, it stands to reason that generations of U. S. students have benefited from its relief. The ruling spawned other protectionist laws, Title IX, for example, which specifically extends Brown's principles to gender, that prohibit noncompliant institutions from receiving federal funds, and it cleared the educational paths of millions of minority students. Yet today, people's impressions of the impact of the decision vary as widely as their personal experiences. Baby boomers recall a time of expanded opportunity and change, while younger generations, nowadays, feel that the current classroom compositions are what they are, with the law behind them, the issue simply fills the pages in their history books. Although the Brown case directly addressed racial discrimination in public schools, the case has had great significance for women, as well. The Brown vs. Board of education decision was the legal decision necessary to stop segregation in its tracks. By the time the decision was handed down by the Supreme Court, Linda Brown had already moved on to attend middle school.

How To Be and Not To Be Is The Question †English Essay

How To Be and Not To Be Is The Question – English Essay Free Online Research Papers How To Be and Not To Be Is The Question English Essay To be or not to be; this appears to be a simple question that people deal with every day. However, there are matters that are just not as simple as I want them to be, or I should say I tend to complicate the simplest matters. I am a paradox; my actions and thoughts are often contentious; they are to be and not to be. The vital qualities that I look for in a best friend are honesty, trustworthiness, and the ability to â€Å"touch† my soul; and of course, I expect the same of myself. Yet, recently I started to doubt the existence of such best friends. The qualm was rooted from an event that happened between my best friend Crystal and I, and a boy named Kou. It is similar to a typical soap opera, when a boy comes between two best friends. Ironically, Crystal and I never really argued over Kou, because she never knew that I liked him, at least not until later. I liked Kou for several years before I figured that Crystal also liked him, I thought of telling her at first but hesitated because the situation between him and me was ambiguous, nothing ever happened over the several years. Furthermore, I was about to come to the U.S at that point, which would be nonsense for me to start a relationship with him, so I thought I could just give up and therefore prevent a possible grudge. Unfortunately, the matter was not as smooth as I expected it to be. I wanted to distance myself from Kou, but I became even closer to him due to my brainless agreement to Crystal that I would hook them up. Unexpectedly, the role of being the match maker brought him and me closer instead, and he ended up to like me, that was when I realized that I have made a huge mistake. Kou’s confession gave me nothing but the feeling of remorse, I was totally disgusted at my own insensitivity. He wouldn’t have liked me if I had just refused to help Crystal, yet it was too late to amend anything. Although I never went out with Kou, I always have a sense of guilt when I am around Crystal. Crystal found out later that Kou and I liked each other, and was shocked, but she believed that it was not my fault. Her trust only worsened my guiltiness. I lost faith in the term â€Å"best friend,† how can I expect others to meet the so-called vital qualifications if I failed to meet them my self. I am always perceived as a reticent girl that strives to be perfect, and the girl that would freak out over a â€Å"B†, however, this is not who I truly am. It would be wrong to say that I strived to be perfect for my parents, but they do account for a large proportion of my changes in attitudes. I was a true rebel; I often did what was forbidden simply to demonstrate my defiance of taboos. Nevertheless, I came to realized that my parents worked arduously year after year, only for the sake of providing me a brighter future, I knew it was time for me to stop and think about what I could do for them. Their unconditional deeds were an immense pressure. Each day, the aging and tiring that appeared on their faces would urge me to work the hardest possible. I need a better education to get a better job, and then I will be able to afford the best condition for my parents. With this goal in mind, I forced myself to do everything right, to follow the rules, and to keep my mind focus on school. As part of me wanted to relax, the other part forced me to work; as part of me wanted to do something crazy and dumb, the other part stopped me before I could even step a toe out of the line; as part of me wanted a simple life, the other part forced me to pursue power and wealth. As days progress, I lose myself, I do not know what I want anymore, the passage to the future is so dark and daunting that I am groping for the unobtrusive exit. I am the kind of person that avoids showing any weaknesses; therefore I get scared whenever my friends try to get â€Å"closer† to me. Intimate relationships are too vulnerable to betrayal. Ironically, despite how much I hate the feeling of vulnerability, I tend to seek for friends to share my insecurities. But to share my insecurities means to show my weaknesses, the two contradicting actions barred me from doing either of the two. My contradicting thoughts prevented any possible improvements that I could have achieved. Whenever I come across a problem, I want to ask for help because clearly that is the only way I can improve. Nonetheless, I become too ashamed of my own stupidity that I cannot ask for any help, I am too ashamed to even look straight into the teachers’ eyes. It is possible that I am in some way similar to Billy Milligan, the â€Å"famous† murderer that claimed to have 24 different personalities. Paradox is the product of my diverse personalities. Hence, it is unnecessary to argue over myself, I will just have to accept every part of me, and the fact that each part responds to a situation differently, and appears differently when dealing with different people. Research Papers on How To Be and Not To Be Is The Question - English EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayStandardized TestingArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Bringing Democracy to AfricaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Recyclng Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recyclng - Research Paper Example Recycling of water is an important factor for using the water continuously. This works best for the countries which are landlocked. The role of recycling paper is to decrease the amount of trees being chopped down for paper. Deforestation is a genuine worldwide issue as trees not just furnish oxygen; they also take in and ingest carbon dioxide. When a tree is chopped down, all the carbon dioxide that it has is discharged into the environment and donated to the nursery gases. The effect of recycling paper is that it might be made into different things, for instance, the paper that has been recycled could be transformed into another item like a pencil case, and so forth. The science in recycling paper is that the paper is changed over back in its crude materials. It goes from a finalized feature to its crude materials to either make something of new or of less worth (less value paper). It utilizes chemicals and water to disintegrate the paper into a stringy mash, which is transformed i nto paper again. Recycling of paper is utilized to tackle the worldwide issue of deforestation which has led to cutting down of forests that is potentially harmful for human beings in future (Anderson, 2003). Recycling has several benefits for the society and the community as a whole. Recycling has been part of the green drive, which is popular among the youth these days because of broad communications and promotion. There is a ton of social mindfulness about nature's turf and a standout amongst the most well-known people who are assisting the earth towards recycling. Recycling is almost always lectured encompassing the planet. It is currently a standard practice and a social standard. Due to tremendous societal benefits organizations and partnerships work on recycling along with advertising their particular products. This helps give people the picture that they are supporting the recycling and in favour of green earth, free from pollution. Recycling has been integrated completely i n to the daily lives of the human. Discussion Why Recycle? Areas which have utilized for landfilling have been continuously over utilized by the waste disposal management companies. Landfill creation has now been made more demanding because of stringent ecological regulations. The population have been increasing along with the demand for land used for disposing of waste. Similarly, offset is not possible because population needs more land and the landfill areas are contaminated due to dumping of hazardous waste. In the meantime, numerous old landfills were arriving at limit and governments were shutting down thousands more substandard landfills (Highfill & McAsey, 1997). This accelerated expanding costs and a quest for transfer to alternate plans, which, in turn, influenced each of the different phases of the technique stream. Waste directors carried thoughtfulness regarding different methodologies: diminishing the amount of waste at the source, gathering waste so it could all the m ore effortlessly be recycled or composted, handling waste more cost efficiently, and, at every stage, tending to ecological concerns. The successful integration and development of recycling techniques have resulted in cost efficiency along with more sustainable and cheap waste management techniques. Without a doubt, in certain neighbourhoods, recycling is unmanageable. Yet frequently, the aforementioned groups are still recycling at extreme level and are treating recycling as an agenda to include onto their

Sunday in the park with George Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sunday in the park with George - Essay Example The particular song, â€Å"Finishing the Hat† was chosen because of the several meanings that it has throughout the song. The focus in this song is based on George and losing his loved one. When he approaches this, he calls it finishing the hat, which works as a metaphor to the incomplete piece that he is feeling at the moment. This universal theme of losing love is able to tie together to the rest of the emotions that George is feeling as well as the absence of his loved one at this particular moment. Even though this is the main theme of the song, there are other interpretations that can be added into this and which are noted from the lyrics as well as the musical techniques that are used through the piece. The â€Å"Finishing the Hat† song is not only interesting because of the main themes that George is singing about. There are several musical changes that are used throughout the piece to create different expressions. When listening to this piece, one is able to tie it into the rest of the musical, while allowing this particular theme to stand on its own. This combination of elements allows the piece to be one of the strongest in the musical and provides a deeper understanding to what is occurring in different parts of the song. This allows one to develop a specific relationship to George, the situation and what is occurring, specifically through the musical techniques. The song â€Å"Finishing the Hat† is used as a pause in the main story line to express the emotions that are occurring through the plot line. The first way that this relates to the plot line is through the main theme used with â€Å"Sunday Park in the George.† This musical was known to be taken from the painting that was a part of the time frame of 1884 (see Appendix A). The artwork that was depicted during this time is one of the most renowned pieces that are from the different